Stroke 中風

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause of serious, long-term disabilities. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel) (artery, which supplies the brain, bursts or is blocked by a blood clot. In one hour, the nerve cells in the brain are damaged and die. According to the body can be partly controlled by the damaged areas of the brain does not function properly.

In Cedars-Sinai Center for stroke prevention, diagnosis and treatment of stroke, by applying the latest technologies and medicines, while addressing all the needs of stroke patients. Care will be coordinated by the first contact with the patient, either through the emergency room, stroke center or hospital ambulatory medical care or rehabilitation.

中風是第三大死因，在美國和領導造成嚴重，長期殘疾。中風時發生血管（動脈）的血液供應到大腦滲漏，破裂或阻塞血塊。不到一個小時，神經細胞在這一領域的腦損壞和死亡。因此，該部分機構控制的受損區域的大腦不能正常工作。

在Cedars - Sinai醫院的中風中心致力於預防，診斷和治療中風，運用最新的技術和藥物，同時治療中風病人的全部需求。護理是協調一致的第一點是與病人接觸，無論是通過緊急部，中風中心的住院和門診服務及醫療康復。


Symptoms of stroke 中風症狀

A person with symptoms of a stroke requires immediate emergency care, as if he or she had suffered a heart attack. Medical treatment is started early, the less damage to brain cells.

The effects of a stroke can vary from mild to severe and may be temporary or permanent. A stroke can imagine on vision, language, behavior, the ability to move and the ability to body parts. Sometimes there may be coma and death. The effects of a stroke on the specific brain cells that are damaged depends, it will affect the amount of the brain and how quickly the blood flow in the affected area is restored.

One or several mini-strokes (transient ischemic attack or TIA) may occur before a person has a stroke scale. The symptoms are the same for both. In contrast to stroke symptoms, the symptoms disappear within minutes, TIA (usually 10 to 20) up to 24 hours. A TIA is a warning sign of stroke may soon occur, and the state must be treated as an emergency.

There are basically two types of stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by a blocked or narrowed artery. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a sudden bleeding from an artery.

The symptoms of a stroke include the sudden onset of:

• Numbness, weakness or inability to move (paralysis) of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
• Trouble seeing you in one or both eyes as the shadows, blurring, double vision or loss of vision
• Confusion or trouble speaking
• Problems walking, dizziness or loss of balance or coordination;
• Severe headache with no known cause

The symptoms of stroke may vary according to the nature of the attack, and the location and extent of brain damage. If a player is caused by a large blood clot or bleeding, symptoms occur within seconds. If an artery is narrowed or blocked, stroke symptoms develop gradually rarely in a few minutes to several hours or a few days. However, the symptoms of a stroke May is small due to normal aging or confused with other conditions that cause similar symptoms.

一個人有中風的症狀需要立即緊急治療，就好像他或她是心髒病發作。治療越早開始，腦細胞越少被損壞。

的影響中風範圍從輕微到嚴重，可能是臨時的或永久的。中風可能影響視力，言語，行為，思考能力和行動能力，部分身體。有時，它可以導致昏迷或死亡。的影響中風取決於具體的腦細胞被損壞，有多少是影響大腦和血液流動的速度有多快恢復到受災地區。

一個或多個小中風（短暫性腦缺血發作或TIA的）可能發生在一個人有一個全面的中風。症狀同樣是相似的。然而，與中風症狀，症狀消失電信行業協會 在幾分鐘之內（一般為10至20）至24小時。阿電信行業協會是一個警告，提醒我們可能很快會發生中風，病情需要被視為緊急情況。

主要有兩種類型的中風。缺血性中風是由動脈阻塞或縮小。出血性中風是由於突然從動脈出血。

一般中風的症狀包括突然發病：

• 麻木，無力或無法移動（癱瘓）的臉部，手臂或腿部，特別是在一方身體
• 無法看到在一個或兩個眼睛，如dimness，模糊，复視或視力喪失
• 說話困難或困惑
• 行走困難，頭暈或失去平衡或協調
• 嚴重頭痛病因不明

中風的症狀可能會有所不同，這取決於中風類型，以及位置和程度的腦損傷。如果中風是由一個大血塊或出血，症狀發生在幾秒鐘內。當動脈已經狹窄或阻 塞，中風的症狀通常會逐漸發展幾分鐘到幾小時內，或者很少，天。但是，症狀的一個小中風可能是由於正常老化或其他條件相混淆導致類似的症狀。


Causes and risk factors for stroke 原因及中風危險因素

An ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow) in a blood vessel (artery that supplies blood to the brain is blocked.

Blocking May from a blood clot in an artery, which formed to develop the brain (thrombus) or in another part of the body, usually the heart (embolism) to. The clot travels with the blood until it blocks an artery in the brain.

These blood clots can with an irregular heartbeat, problems with heart valves, an infection of the heart muscle, caused hardening of the arteries, affects blood clotting, inflammation of blood vessels or heart attack. You can also by a blood clot that dissolves from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation bleeding caused.

A rare cause of ischemic stroke occurs when blood pressure is too low (hypotension), which reduces blood flow in the brain. This usually happens with the arteries are narrowed or diseased. Low blood pressure can lead to heart attacks, large blood loss or severe infections. Any of these conditions affect the blood supply of the heart and blood vessels and increases the risk of stroke. In addition to surgery to correct the narrowed or blocked arteries in the neck can sometimes cause a stroke.

Hemorrhagic stroke is due to sudden bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain (cerebral haemorrhage) or caused in the premises of the brain (SAB). May sudden bleeding by the bursting of a blood vessel, diluted and extended (aneurysm). The most common cause of bleeding in the brain is high blood pressure.

Uncommon causes of hemorrhagic stroke include inflammation of blood vessels, from May syphilis or tuberculosis, bleeding disorders, head or neck injury, radiation therapy for cancer and the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (a condition in which a protein substance collects and weakens the blood vessels of the brain, what), bleeding and stroke.

缺血性中風發生時血液流經血管（動脈）的血液供應到大腦被阻止。

堵塞可能發展的血液凝塊在動脈導致腦（血栓）或一個成立於另一部分身體，通常是心臟（栓塞）。旅行的凝塊與血液，直到它阻止了大腦中動脈。

這些血液凝塊可能造成不規則的心跳，心臟瓣膜的問題，感染的心臟肌肉，硬化的動脈，血液凝固失調，炎症，血管或心髒病發作。他們也可能造成的血塊，打破遠離顱內動脈瘤破裂出血或動靜脈畸形。

一個不太常見的原因缺血性中風發生時的血壓變得太低（低血壓），降低血液流向大腦。這通常發生與動脈狹窄或有病。低血壓可能是由於心髒病發作，大 量失血或嚴重感染。這些條件的每一個影響血液的流動，通過心臟和血管，增加中風的風險。此外，手術，以矯正狹窄或阻塞的動脈在頸部有時可能會導致中風。

出血性中風是由於突然出血的血管內腦（腦出血）或空格周圍的大腦（蛛網膜下腔出血）。突然出血可能是由於爆破血管已經延伸和變薄（瘤）。最常見的原因是大腦內的出血是高血壓。

罕見的出血性中風的原因包括血管發炎，這可能開發從梅毒或肺結核，血液凝固失調，頭部和頸部受傷，放射治療癌症或澱粉樣腦血管病（狀態是一種蛋白質物質積聚，削弱血液在大腦血管，造成出血和中風）。


Stroke Diagnosis 診斷中風

Diagnosis of stroke based on history and physical examination. A variety of diagnostic tests are on the Event Center at Cedars-Sinai available. If stroke is suspected, the doctor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) to determine whether the stroke was caused by a blood clot or bleeding in the brain. Additional tests may be conducted on the basis of scan results.

If the disease or narrowing of the main artery in the neck (carotid artery) is suspected, the following tests are carried out:

• An ultrasound of the carotid artery
• Scans magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to the blood flow in blood vessels look
• Carotid angiography (injection of radioactive substances in the blood) to the specific arteries
• If it is proved that the stroke by a blood clot that formed in the heart occurs, can the doctor has a chest x-ray, an EKG, or electrocardiogram, echocardiogram or other cardiac imaging tests
• Carried out more tests to see if other conditions are present, see the assessment of the general health of the person, whether the patient's blood clots too easily

中風的診斷是基於病人的病史和體檢。阿多種診斷測試可通過中風中心的Cedars - Sinai。如果懷疑中風，醫生會以磁共振成像（MRI）或計算機斷層掃描（CT）掃描，以確定是否中風是由於有血塊或出血大腦內部。額外的檢查可以根據掃描結果。

如果疾病或縮小一個大型的頸部動脈（頸動脈）懷疑，下面的測試可以做：

• 超聲頸動脈
• 磁共振血管造影（MRA）掃描顯示的流動，血液在血管
• 頸動脈造影（注射放射性物質進入血液），以顯示特定的動脈
• 如果有證據表明，中風是由血栓形成的心臟，醫生可命令胸部透視，心電圖或心電圖，超聲心動圖或其他心臟成像檢查
• 其他實驗室檢查可以看看有沒有其他的條件仍然存在，請檢查該人的整體健康狀況，看看病人的血液凝塊太容易

Treatment of stroke 治療中風

Must have people who have symptoms of a stroke, seek emergency medical care to. May attend to medical attention to prevent potentially fatal complications and brain damage, is more widespread and critical to the overvaluation. If emergency treatment would begin within one to two hours after onset of symptoms, some people, a stroke can be caused by a blood clot drugs dissolve the blood clot will to contribute to the increase chance of full recovery.

Treatment goals are potentially fatal complications that prevent developing soon after stroke symptoms, reduce the prevention of future stroke, disability, prevent long-term complications and help patients return can occur in normal operation as far as possible through rehabilitation.

The drug treatment may also remove dissolve blood clots (tPA), or blood clots by the penumbra of a stroke, or surgery. The type of treatment depends on the type of stroke and severity of symptoms.

人們誰有中風的症狀需要尋求緊急醫療。求醫可以防止威脅生命的並發症和更廣泛的腦損傷，是至關重要的，最好的恢復。如果尋求緊急治療的頭一到兩個小時後開始出現症狀，有些人的中風所造成的血塊可能能夠獲得藥物來溶解血栓，幫助提高的機會完全康復。

治療的目標是防止威脅生命的並發症，可能會出現中風症狀出現後不久，發展，預防未來的中風，減少殘疾，防止長期並發症，幫助病人回到正常運作一樣盡可能通過恢復。

包括藥物治療，可能要解散血塊（劑）或血塊清除使用半影中風系統或手術。治療的類型是基於對中風的類型和嚴重程度的症狀。