Vagina 陰道 (Part 3 第3部分)

Sexual health and hygiene

The vagina is self cleaning and is therefore usually no specific treatment. Doctors generally discourage this practice of douching. Since a healthy vagina is colonized by a mutually symbiotic flora of microorganisms that the host protection from pathogenic microbes, any attempt to disturb the balance in May, many side effects, including the cause but not to abnormal discharge and yeast infections is limited. The acidity of a healthy vagina due to lactic acid by symbiotic microorganisms, inhibits the growth of many strains of dangerous microbes eliminated.

The vagina is examined) in gynecological examinations, often with a speculum, which holds the vagina open for visual inspection of the cervix or taking of samples (see pap smear.

Signs of vaginal disease

Vaginal diseases occur, with pieces of the discharge and wounds:

Lumps
The presence of abnormal nodules in the wall or the vagina is always abnormal. The most common is the Bartholin cyst. The cyst may feel like a pea, is formed by a blockage of the glands, the supply is usually the opening of the vagina. This condition is easily treated with minor surgery or silver nitrate. Other less common causes of small lumps or vesicles are herpes simplex. They are usually multiple and very painful, combined with a clear liquid that can be a crust. They can be associated with generalized swelling and are very tender. Clumps are associated with cancer of the vagina very rare and the average age of onset is seventy years. The most common form is squamous cell carcinoma, then cancer of the glands or adenocarcinoma and finally, and even more rarely, melanoma.

Discharge
The vast majority of vaginal discharge is normal or physiological and include blood or rules () of the uterus, the most common and a clear liquid or as a result of sexual arousal or secretions from the cervix. Other non-infectious causes include dermatitis, the issue of foreign bodies such as tampons or foreign objects get introduced by curious children's rights in her own vagina. The unplanned occurring sexually transmitted, bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis or thrush. The final group of discharges are sexually transmitted diseases, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. Discharge from thrush is slightly pungent and knows how Trichomonas dirty and green and foreign bodies like the discharge of gonorrhea, gray or yellow and purulent (like pus).

Wounds
All wounds include a break in the walls of the thin lining of the vaginal wall. The most common are abrasions and small ulcers caused by trauma. While they may, during the rape, most are actually caused by excessive friction imposed on the clothing or improper insertion of a tampon. The typical ulcer or sore caused by syphilis is painless with raised edges. These are often undetected because they occur mostly in the vagina. The wounds with a herpes sores are very delicate and can occur such as swelling, empty the bladder is difficult. In developing countries, a group of parasitic diseases, also cause vaginal ulceration such as Leishmaniasis, but they are rarely found in the West. , HIV / AIDS through the vagina during intercourse forgiven, but not with local disease, vaginal or vulvar connected. All the local easy-to-treat vulvovaginal diseases. Often they are only prevented shame that patients eligible for treatment.


性健康與衛生

陰道的自我清潔，因此，通常需要任何特殊待遇。醫生一般不鼓勵這種做法的沖洗。由於健康的陰道是殖民地，相互共生的植物的微生物，保護其主機由致 病微生物，任何試圖打破這種平衡可能會導致許多不良後果，包括但不限於異常放電和酵母感染。酸度健康的陰道是由於乳酸的共生微生物分泌的增長而阻礙了許多 危險的微生物菌株。

陰道是審查了婦科檢查，通常使用一鏡，持有陰道開放目視檢查子宮頸或採取的樣本（見子宮頸抹片）。

陰道疾病的徵兆

目前陰道疾病與腫塊，排放不留情：

腫塊
存在異常腫塊在牆壁或基地的陰道總是異常。最常見的，這些是前庭囊腫。囊腫，可以感覺就像是豌豆，是由一堵塞腺體通常供應的開放陰道。這種情況很 容易小手術治療或硝酸銀。其他較常見的原因，小腫塊或囊泡單純皰疹。他們通常多，非常痛苦與流暢清晰留下了地殼。他們可能與全身腫脹，而且非常招標。腫塊 與癌症相關的陰道壁是非常罕見的，平均發病年齡為七十年。最常見的形式是鱗狀細胞癌，那麼癌症的腺體或腺癌，最後，更罕見的惡性黑色素瘤。

放電
絕大多數人的陰道分泌物正常或生理，包括血液或月經（從子宮），最常見的，流暢清晰無論是作為性興奮的結果，或從子宮頸分泌物。其他非感染性皮炎 的原因包括，排放的外國機構，如衛生棉條保留或異物插入的好奇女童到自己的陰道。非性傳播放電發生，細菌性陰道炎和鵝口瘡或念珠菌。最後一組的排放，包括 性傳播疾病，淋病，衣原體和滴蟲。從畫眉的放電稍辣，白，從更多的犯規和毛滴蟲綠色和外國團體類似於履行淋病，灰白色或黃色和化膿性（如膿）。

褥瘡
所有瘡涉及分解牆上的罰款膜陰道壁。最常見的是擦傷和小潰瘍引起的創傷。雖然這些可以在強姦造成的，實際上大部分是由於過度的摩擦，從服裝或不適 當的插入一個衛生棉條。典型的潰瘍或疼痛引起的梅毒是無痛的提高邊緣。這往往是因為他們被發現大多發生在陰道內。皰疹的潰瘍的發生與水泡非常投標，並可能 造成這種腫脹排尿困難。在發展中世界一群寄生蟲病也造成陰道潰瘍，如利甚曼病，但這些都是很少遇到在西部地區。艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染可以通過陰道性交時， 但不與任何地方陰道或外陰疾病。上述所有地方外陰疾病很容易處理。往往只是恥辱防止病人介紹治療。